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ensemble cast
An ensemble cast is made up of cast members in which the principal actors and performers are assigned roughly equal amounts of importance and screen time in a dramatic production.〔(Random House: ''ensemble acting'' ) Linked 2013-07-17〕 In Hollywood, the term has recently begun to be used as a replacement for the old term "all-star cast"; meaning a film with many well-known actors, even if most of them only have minor or supporting roles.
==Structure==
The structure of an ensemble cast contrasts with the popular Hollywood centralization of a sole protagonist, as the ensemble leans more towards a sense of “collectivity and community.”〔"Mathijs, E. (2011). Referential acting and the ensemble cast. Screen, 52(1), 89--96. Retrieved from http://screen.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/1/89.extract〕
Ensemble casts in film were introduced as early as September 1916, with D. W. Griffith's silent epic film, ''Intolerance'' featuring four separate, though parallel plots.〔''Smith, L. (2012). Ensemble film, postmodernity and moral mapping. Screening The Past, 35. Retrieved from www.screeningthepast.com/2012/12/ensemble-film-postmodernity-and-moral-mapping/〕 The film follows the lives of several characters over hundreds of years, across different cultures and time periods.〔Filmsite.org,. (2014). Intolerance (1916). Retrieved 20 June 2014, from http://www.filmsite.org/into.html〕 The unification of different plot lines and character arcs is a key characteristic of ensemble casting in film; whether it's a location, event, or an overarching theme that ties the film and characters together.〔
Films that feature ensembles tend to emphasize the interconnectivity of the characters, even when the characters are strangers to one another.〔"Silvey, V. (2009). Not Just Ensemble Films: Six Degrees, Webs, Multiplexity and the Rise of Network Narratives. FORUM: University Of Edinburgh Postgraduate Journal Of Culture & The Arts, 0(08). Retrieved from http://www.forumjournal.org/article/view/621/906〕 The interconnectivity is often shown to the audience through examples of the "six degrees of separation" theory, and allows them to navigate through plot lines using cognitive mapping.〔 Examples of this method where the six degrees of separation is evident in films with an ensemble cast, would be in productions such as ''Babel'', ''Love, Actually'' and ''Crash'', which all have strong underlying themes interwoven within the plots that unify each film.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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